Display Patient Information Leaflets

Date issued: April 2025 

For review: April 2027 

Ref: A-674/FA/Dermatology/My Eczema Navigator

PDF: My Eczema Navigator.pdf [pdf] 1MB

This leaflet is designed to help patients and carers gain a better understanding of Atopic Eczema (AE), also known as Atopic Dermatitis (AD). The leaflet also seeks to correct common misconceptions, such as the belief that eczema is contagious, and emphasises the importance of early and consistent care to prevent flare-ups. There’s also a personalised patient or carer held instructions to support self-management. 

What is atopic eczema?

Atopic eczema is a common skin condition that can occur at any age, though it frequently begins in childhood. Characterised by red, dry, and itchy skin, AE can lead to more severe symptoms like blistering, weeping, and thickening of the skin due to persistent scratching. (See appendix A for images.)

What causes atopic eczema? 

Atopic eczema is a complex condition influenced by various factors, including a person's genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers. The condition is associated with a group of allergic disorders, including asthma and hay fever, and often runs in families. 

AE is not infectious and cannot be passed from person to person. A range of factors contribute to its development, including genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and immune system irregularities. These factors can compromise the skin barrier, making it more vulnerable to irritants and infections. 

What are the symptoms of atopic eczema? 

The primary symptom of atopic eczema is intense itchiness, which can lead to scratching and further skin damage. Eczema typically affects the skin in specific patterns, such as the creases of the joints, and can vary in appearance. Diagnosis is usually straightforward, based on the appearance of the skin, and does not typically require blood or skin tests.  

What makes atopic eczema flare-up? 

•   Irritants like soaps and detergents, bubble baths, perfumed products 

•   Hot bath water 

•   Infections

•   Wool clothing

•   Stress

•   Environmental changes 

Can atopic eczema be cured?

Although there is no cure for atopic eczema, it can be managed through a combination of topical treatments, lifestyle adjustments, and, in more severe cases, oral or injected medications. Key treatment strategies include the use of moisturisers (emollients) to maintain skin hydration, topical steroids to reduce inflammation, and antihistamines to alleviate itching. 

Can someone with atopic eczema lead a normal life?

People with atopic eczema can lead a normal life, including participating in sports, swimming, and travelling. However, they may need to make small adjustments, such as carrying moisturiser with them to use throughout the day.   

How can atopic eczema be treated?

‘Topical’ means ‘applied to the skin surface’. Treatment for atopic eczema primarily involves topical therapies, which are applied directly to the skin. The most essential treatment is complete emollient therapy, involving regular application of moisturisers (emollients) and using them as a substitute for soap. Moisturisers should be applied multiple times daily to help the skin function as a better barrier. The greasiest moisturiser you are comfortable using is often the most effective. Aqueous cream, though sometimes used as a moisturiser, is not recommended because it can irritate the skin and worsen eczema. 

There are different types of moisturisers, if you don’t like yours, ask your GP for a different one.

Topical corticosteroids 

What are topical corticosteroids and how do they work?

Topical Corticosteroids (TCS) are synthetic steroids used to treat skin conditions by reducing inflammation and making the skin less hot and itchy. They come in creams, ointments, lotions, and other forms, and vary in strength from mild to very strong.

Flare control creams or ointments such as corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors treat red, itchy skin

Will they cure my condition?

The aim of TCS treatment is to control, not cure, the skin condition.

How should I apply them?

Follow your healthcare professional's instructions on where, how often, and for how long to apply TCS. Apply them in the direction of hair growth, and if using more than one type, be careful with areas prone to side effects like the face or groin. Use fingertip units (FTU) to ensure the correct amount is applied. 

A fingertip unit (FTU) is the amount of cream or ointment that covers the end of an adult finger from the tip to the first joint. This amount is enough to treat an area of skin the size of two hands, helping you use the correct amount of topical corticosteroid.

What are the side effects?

Side effects are rare when TCSs are used as directed, but long-term use of potent TCSs can lead to skin thinning, stretch marks, and other changes. It is important to use the correct amount and follow your healthcare professional’s advice to avoid issues.

Should I do anything special while using TCSs?

Using emollients alongside TCSs is recommended to help the skin heal. Apply emollients generously and frequently.